In this blog article, we will discuss about obligatory points in highway alignment. Let’s begin! Introduction Obligatory points in highway alignment are critical control points that dictate the route a highway must follow or avoid to ensure functionality, safety, and compliance with various constraints. These points serve as guiding markers during the design process, determining … Read more
PDMS is tool cum commands based software by AVEVA Company. The PDMS software now has replaced by E3D (Everything 3D). We can design piping , equipment, HVAC, structure, cable trays, etc. In E3D as per ASMEB31.3 and ASME B31.1. E3D is very good customization of PDMS Tool for designer and modeler. AVEVA E3D Design is … Read more
Architectural symbols are very important for any engineering drawing. Architectural symbols indicate the specific objects in the engineering drawings. All engineering drawings contain some form of representation. Representations can be created using specific symbols to indicate elements to be built in specific locations or areas. This symbol provides a visual model of the structure under … Read more
Support is a part of a structure that resists loads. it helps structural members to resist force, moment, etc. Support is indicated by reactions that oppose the load. In this article, we will learn about various types of support and their reactions to Structures. The main function of support is to transfer load from structural … Read more
Wire mesh is a very innovative construction material whose demand is growing day by day. It is also used in some other sectors such as agricultural, industrial, transportation, horticultural, and food procuring sectors. What is a Wire Mesh? As the name suggests, wire mesh is a mesh of longitudinal wires joined together with accurate spacing … Read more
What Is BIM? BIM is an innovative concept in which an information rich 3D model is created to facilitate collaboration between various stakeholders of a project. It is a digital model created in BIM software such as Autodesk Revit. Explanation Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a 3D modeling tool that is used to build an … Read more
The Poisson’s ratio of concrete varies 0.1 to 0.2. Poisson’s ratio (ν) is a measure of the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain when a material is subjected to an axial load. Poisson’s Ratio Of Concrete When a concrete specimen is subjected to axial loads the ratio of transverse strain to the longitudinal strain … Read more
Introduction Pouring concrete on a sloped surface needs good skills and experience to perform the work as planned. Commonly, low slump concrete is used for sloped concrete members, driveways, and wheelchair ramps. Low slump concrete is used for the inclined members. Some examples of slope members are staircase, ramp, etc. The placement of low slump … Read more
Introduction Of Concrete Cracks Fine concrete cracks are very common but often misunderstood. Generally, when someone buys a home or apartment sees a crack in his slab or wall, he automatically assumes there is something wrong. Some types of cracks are inevitable. The contractor tries his best to control the cracking, this is done by properly … Read more
Quality control in road and highway construction is used for obtaining an improved and uniform standard of road construction. Quality control of construction materials and the product is an essential requirement. Quality control is an essential part of any production process and Quality control in road and highway construction is no exception. Due to significant increases … Read more
Admixtures Meaning Concrete admixtures are substances that modify the properties of concrete during the mixing process. They can improve the strength, workability, durability, and other characteristics of concrete, making it more suitable for specific applications or environments. Water-reducing agents are examples of concrete admixtures that reduce the amount of water needed in the mix, improving … Read more
Precast Construction Technology is focused on the improvement of value and quality in the Precast manufacturing and construction industry. This technology is meeting the demand of challenging modular projects. Precast Construction Technology It is a system of concrete casting in a reusable mold or form which is then treated in a controlled environment, shifted to … Read more
In this article, we will study “stresses in soil”. It is very important for engineers to study the behavior of soil before starting any construction. Stresses in the soil can determine which type of foundation will be provided. Usually, there is two popular theory to calculate stresses in soil. First, we will learn some terms … Read more
Auto cad is basic software used by different engineers like mechanical. electrical, civil, and draftsman. In this article, I will describe the top 25 Auto Cad commands which are widely used in Auto Cad. 25 Auto Cad Commands: 1. Line Command: Line command is used to draw a perpendicular line or line to a certain … Read more
This article explains regime channel, Lacey’s regime theory and classification of regime channels. What Is Regime Channel? When a channel is neither scouring nor silting then it is known as the regime channel. Regime channels are studied using Lacey’s regime theory. Lacey’s regime theory is also called Lacey’s silt theory. Types Of Regime Channels It … Read more
In this article, I will discuss about aquifer, aquifer definition, and types of aquifers. Let’s start! Aquifer Definition An aquifer is an underground layer of rock, sand, or gravel that can hold and transmit water. What Is An Aquifer? The aquifer is the geological formation of an underground layer bearing permeable gravel, sand, or silt … Read more
This article explains slump test, procedure of slump test, slump test table and slump cone test value. This test also called slump cone test. What Is Slump Test A slump test or slump cone test is the most commonly used method to check the consistency and workability of the concrete mix prepared at the construction … Read more
Hydrologic Cycle: The water is evaporated from the hydrosphere, land surfaces to the atmosphere, which is then condensed to the surface of the earth in different forms of precipitation. This evaporation and precipitation is a cyclic process and continues forever, and thereby, a balance is maintained between the two. This cyclic process is known as … Read more
Precipitation is a very important part of the water cycle. In this blog article, we will highlight various information about precipitation. Precipitation Definition: The condensed water that comes back to the surface of the earth due to gravitational forces is known as precipitation. What Is Precipitation? Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere … Read more
What is Hydrograph? A hydrograph is a graph that shows the discharge overtime at any specific point in time. Time is shown on the x-axis and discharge is shown on the y-axis. I have drawn a typical hydrograph. (Refer to below image) What are the Components of the Hydrograph? Following are the components of the … Read more
Runoff Definition: Runoff includes all the water flowing in the stream channel at any given time. It is expressed in terms of m3/s or m3/h. Runoff = Surface runoff + Base Flow Difference Between Runoff And Surface Runoff? Runoff includes all the water flowing in the stream channel at any given time. Surface runoff includes … Read more
Flooring: A permanent covering over the floor structure with a finish material to provide a walking structure is termed as flooring. Characteristics Of Good Flooring: A good quality floor should possess the following Characteristics: Components Of A Floor: Normally, there are two parts of a floor. 1. Sub Floor or Base Course (Floor Base): The … Read more
Cube test of concrete is performed to calculate compressive strength of concrete. In this article, we will study the compressive strength of concrete by using the cube test. The cube test is the most popular method to determine the compressive strength of concrete. Cube test determines whether poured concrete has desirable strength or not. Introduction … Read more
In this article, you will learn about the plane table survey. This type of survey is very fast because field measurement and plotting can be done simultaneously. Let’s get started. What is Plane Table Survey? A plane table survey is one of the fastest methods of surveying. A Surveyor can do plotting of plan and … Read more
Formwork: Any arrangement to support fresh concrete to attain its full strength and shape is known as formwork. It can be a vertical or horizontal arrangement to keep concrete in position. Formwork is removed after concrete gains full strength. I would also recommend you to read my other article about Mivan Formwork. In the below … Read more
Various types of footings are used in construction. Footing is the most important part of the structure that transfers loads of a structure to the underlying soil. In this blog article, I will describe the types of footing. Selection of Footings depends upon the following factors: We have listed some common types of footing used … Read more
This article explains stress strain curve for mild steel. Learn about stress strain behavior of mild steel, including its yield point and ultimate strength. Explore factors affecting its mechanical properties. Description Of Stress Strain Curve For Mild Steel Before starting the description of the stress strain curve for mild steel, we have to know some … Read more
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram for cantilever beam are as follows. Case 01. Shear Force And Bending Moment Diagram Of Cantilever Beam When Point Load Is Applied From the figure, we have the value of the load at point A and point B. So let’s draw the shear force diagram with the help of … Read more
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram for a simply supported beam are as follows. Case 01. Simply supported beam with a point load. To find out Shear Force, first, we will calculate Ra and Rc. Beam is simply supported ∑Ma = ∑Mc= 0. Let us consider ∑Ma = 0. 6*4 – Rc*8 = 0 (Clockwise … Read more
Before starting about types of Ceilings used in building construction, let’s get a brief idea about what is Ceiling. What is Ceiling? The overhead surface which covers roof construction inside the room is known as the Ceiling. It is used to decorate the roof inside the room or corridor. Selection of ceiling is based on … Read more
Material Specifications Individual piping class has been generally designed to cover a set of service operating within pressure-temperature consideration as per ASME B16.5/ B16.47A/ B16.34 or part of it. Deviations of material from class specifications may occur due to specificdesign conditions and/or availability. These deviations are permissible if they equal or better the individual class … Read more
In this article, I will discuss about various types of pipelines. Let’s start! Introduction: Pipelines have become an integral part of modern infrastructure, facilitating the efficient and reliable transportation of various materials over long distances. In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss in depth the various applications, construction methods, and inherent advantages of pipelines. From … Read more
Introduction Systematic and random errors are very common in surveying. In surveying, it’s crucial to recognize the potential for both systematic and random errors in measurements. An error represents the variance between our measured value and the actual truth. Every measurement inherently contains some degree of error since achieving absolute precision is unattainable. Nevertheless, we … Read more
Introduction The construction sector is facing numerous problems as it seeks to meet the growing demand for high-quality construction projects. In response, the industry is looking into emerging trends to improve speed, efficiency, and sustainability. Among these techniques, prefabrication and modular construction have emerged as promising alternatives. Prefabrication involves assembling construction components in a factory … Read more
Introduction The construction sector is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, pollution, and energy crises, demanding a rapid transition to more sustainable construction practices. According to research conducted by Chen et al. (2022a), the construction sector consumes 36% of global energy. Conventional structures rely largely on non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, … Read more
Various building materials can be used to construct basement flooring. In this post, we will discuss various types of basement floors. Let’s get started. Introduction The basement holds a crucial role in a home’s structural integrity, with flooring being a key component. Over time, basement floors endure considerable stress from moisture, dirt, and pressure, emphasising … Read more
Selecting tiles to give your home the perfect final finish is not just about the looks and buying from the best tiles company. Different areas in a home require different kinds of wall and floor tiles due to varying functional and aesthetic needs. For instance, bathrooms demand tiles with high water resistance to withstand moisture, … Read more
Diaphragm in structure is a vital element in the field of structural engineering, providing versatility in design and material selection to ensure structural stability and integrity in a variety of architectural settings, as well as transmitting lateral forces to vertical resisting elements. What Is Diaphragm In Structure? A diaphragm serves as a critical component in … Read more
Coupling beam means combination of two beams. In this blog article, I will describe about RCC Coupling Beam. Definition Coupling beam is a lateral force resisting system designed to provide stability to the structure. Description Coupling beams play an important role in connecting various structural elements such as shear walls, columns or frames. Their primary … Read more