An engine that uses oil as a coolant is called an oil cooled engine. Also called a liquid cooled engine. It is a kind of internal combustion engine. Oil cooling systems typically extract heat from an internal combustion engine.
When the engine warms up, heat is transferred to the oil, which normally flows through a heat exchanger (a type of radiator, usually called an oil cooler). The cooled oil flows back into the hot object and is continuously cooled.
This engine is basically an air-cooled engine with an external oil cooler. However, some manufacturers call it an oil-cooled engine to distinguish between the two. Oil-cooled engines are most commonly used on motorcycles.
The advantages of this method are superior to simple air cooling. In addition to being inexpensive, it is also easy to maintain and technically. Liquid cooling systems are not as efficient as heavy-duty engine cooling systems.
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How Does Oil Cooled Engine Work?
Oil cooled engines operate according to the laws of thermodynamics. Engine oil is drawn from the engine through an oil line connected to the oil cooler on the outside of the engine.
The oil cooler contains a capillary tube surrounded by metal fins, similar to a radiator. These fins provide a larger contact area for better heat dissipation.
When hot oil flows through the oil cooler’s capillary tube, it releases heat into the air flowing through the oil cooler’s fins. Airflow is achieved by moving the vehicle forward. When the oil loses heat, it cools and retains its viscosity.
Pros
- The oil cooled engine has a simple design
- There are a few parts.
- Oil has a higher boiling point than water, so it can be cooled at temperatures above 100° C. However, pressurized water cooling may also exceed 100° C.
- It is easy to manufacture and cheaper than a liquid-cooled engine.
- Cooling water can corrode the engine and must contain anti-corrosion agents/rust inhibitors, but oils of course help prevent corrosion.
- Lightweight as compared to liquid cooled engines.
- Oil is already a lubricant, so no extra coolant tanks, pumps, or radiators are required. Lower maintenance compared to liquid cooled engines.
Cons
- Unlike water, oil can be flammable.
- These engines are not suitable for fanless multi-cylinder engines.
- Pure water can be evaporated or boiled, but it cannot be decomposed, although it can be contaminated and acidic.
- Engine performance is affected by speed variations.
- The specific heat capacity of water or water/glycol is twice the heat of the oil, so a given volume of water can absorb more engine heat than the same volume of oil.
- Limited use, as in bicycles.