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What Is Pragyan Rover?
Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Pragyan is a lunar rover that forms an integral part of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. The rover’s journey to the Moon was preceded by a previous attempt, Chandrayaan-2, which faced unfortunate circumstances.
Pragyan, derived from the Sanskrit word meaning ‘wisdom,’ stands as a remarkable testament to India’s space exploration ambitions.
Chandrayaan-2 And The Lunar Setback
Launched on July 22, 2019, Chandrayaan-2 carried with it the hopes of exploring the lunar surface. Accompanied by the Vikram lander and the Pragyan rover, the mission aimed to unravel mysteries hidden within the Moon’s terrain. However, the excitement was met with disappointment when, during the landing attempt on September 6, 2019, Vikram crashed onto the lunar surface, leading to the destruction of the rover as well. This marked a setback in India’s lunar exploration endeavors.
Pragyan Rover Chandrayaan-3 (Successful Landing)
Undeterred by the challenges faced during Chandrayaan-2, ISRO reinvigorated its efforts to explore the Moon’s secrets. Enter Chandrayaan-3, a mission designed to succeed where its predecessor stumbled. On July 14, 2023, India’s revamped lunar aspirations took flight as the new Vikram lander and Pragyan rover were launched, aimed at achieving a successful landing near the lunar south pole.
Technical Info
Pragyan, with a mass of around 26-27 kg and dimensions measuring 0.9 m × 0.75 m × 0.85 m, is not only compact but also powerful. Its energy needs are fulfilled by 50 W solar panels, allowing it to function efficiently on the Moon’s surface. The rover’s primary objective is to traverse approximately 500 meters (1,600 feet) on the lunar terrain, moving at a pace of 1 cm per second. As it navigates the lunar landscape, Pragyan conducts on-site analyses and sends valuable data back to its lander for further transmission to Earth.
Instrument Detail
Pragyan is equipped with advanced instruments to fulfill its scientific mission. Its navigation capabilities are supported by stereoscopic camera-based 3D vision, employing two 1-megapixel monochromatic NAVCAMs. These cameras provide a 3D view of the surrounding terrain, aiding path-planning by generating digital elevation models. A noteworthy collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur contributed to the development of subsystems for light-based map generation and motion planning.
Design Considerations
Pragyan’s design ensures adaptability to the lunar environment. Its rocker-bogie suspension system and six wheels, each driven by independent brushless DC electric motors, facilitate controlled movement. Steering is achieved through differential wheel speeds or skid steering. Notably, the rover is engineered to withstand the challenges of a lunar day, which lasts around 14 Earth days, as its electronics aren’t built to endure the extremely cold lunar night.
Two landing sites were meticulously chosen for Pragyan’s mission within the lunar south polar region. The prime landing site (PLS54) and the alternative landing site (ALS01) underwent stringent selection criteria, ensuring optimal conditions for exploration. Factors like the slope of the terrain, boulder sizes, sunlight availability, and absence of prolonged shadowing were considered. These landing sites, rich in scientific potential, promised to unveil insights into the Moon’s geological history.
Conclusion
Pragyan Rover, embodying the spirit of resilience and exploration, successfully reached its destination on August 23, 2023, marking a significant achievement for India’s space program. With its scientific instruments and capabilities, Pragyan is poised to unlock new chapters in lunar exploration, contributing to humanity’s understanding of the Moon’s mysteries and evolution.
Pragyan Rover exemplifies India’s unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of space exploration. Its journey, from setbacks to triumphs, serves as an inspiring tale of human ingenuity and determination. As Pragyan embarks on its mission, it carries with it the hopes and aspirations of a nation eager to unravel the enigmas of our celestial neighbor, the Moon.