The parapet wall is a protective barrier that is provided around the perimeter of the roof and balcony. It is constructed for safety purposes. The height of the wall should not be less than 760 millimeters. Parapet walls can be made utilizing various materials like reinforced cement concrete, steel, aluminum, glass, etc. The parapet wall … Read more
As the name suggests Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate are classified based on the size of particles. Due to differences in particle size their properties change drastically. Aggregates can be used as a single substance as well as they can be used to make concrete. It is the raw material for concrete. Sand, gravel, or … Read more
Furrow Irrigation: Furrow irrigation is performed by creating small channels parallel to each other along the field length in the direction of the primary slope. It is a type of surface irrigation system. To know more about surface irrigation and other types of irrigation, read another article. What is Irrigation and methods used for Irrigation? … Read more
Drip Irrigation Drip Irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation or low volume irrigation system. In this system, water drips slowly to the root of plants. This type of irrigation can work from above the soil surface or below the soil surface. Drip irrigation systems decrease water consumption by fifty percent. In This type of irrigation, … Read more
Plywood Plywood is a material fabricated from slim layers or plies of wood veneers that are joined together with adjacent layers having their wood grain pivoted up to 90 degrees to each other. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards that contain medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and particle board (chipboard). Plywood is … Read more
Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered composite wood product made from residues of hardwood and softwood by breaking it down into wood fibers. MDF has a higher density compared to plywood. MDF is an acronym for Medium Density Fibreboard. A designed wood product that is cost-effective and long-lasting. It acts as a good substitute material … Read more
A shop drawing is a drawing or set of drawings prepared and submitted by the contractor to the consultant or client. Further, the consultant reviews the shop drawings and provides his comments. Shop drawing can be produced by the contractor, supplier, fabricators, sub-contractors but the main contractor have to submit it to the consultant or … Read more
What is Cavity Wall? A cavity wall or hollow wall is constructed with two separate walls called leaves-or skins with a cavity gap or space in between two walls. Both walls are joined together by metal ties. (see figure below) The primary purpose of the cavity wall is to provide better insulation in the building. It … Read more
Workability of concrete is the characteristic of freshly mixed concrete which defines the ease and homogeneity with which it can be mixed, transported, placed, compacted, and finished as described by ACI Standard 116R-90 (ACI 1990b). As per ASTM “that property determining the effort needed to manipulate a freshly mixed quantity of concrete with minimum loss … Read more
Polymer Concrete Polymer Concrete is a special type of Concrete that utilized Polymer instead of Lime-type Cement as a binder. In certain circumstances, Polymer is used in addition to Portland cement to make Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). The traditional concrete is puros due to the presence of air voids, water … Read more