Various types of concrete waterproofing are used such as Bitumen Membrane waterproofing, Cementitious Waterproofing, Liquid Membrane Coating, Bitumen Coating, etc.
Concrete waterproofing is needed to provide an impervious layer and to avoid seepage in the concrete structure.
Concrete waterproofing is the use of an impervious material layer on concrete that keeps water from penetrating the concrete surface and makes the structure waterproof so that it remains relatively unaffected by the application water. Concrete is the pervious and porous compound that absorbs a certain amount of water, waterborne contaminants, and chemicals that will cause deterioration to concrete.
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Various Types Of Concrete Waterproofing
Different types of concrete waterproofing are available in the market. Here I have described the most common types of concrete waterproofing which is widely used in construction throughout the world.
1. Bitumen Membrane
It is suitable for a low-slope roof. It has a self-adhesive compound. self-adhesive compounds consist of polymer, asphalt, and filler. It is very sticky.
2. Cementitious Waterproofing
Cementitious material is very cheap and easily available in the market. Cementitious material is easy to mix and apply on the surface. A long handle brush is good for better application. The acrylic additive can be mixed with cementitious material for better bonding.
3. Liquid Membrane Coating
In this method, first, the coat is a simple primer and then two coat liquid waterproofing membranes. Like normal coating, it is applied by spray or roller. It is super flexible and provides a rubbery coating.
4. Bitumen Coating
Bitumen coating also is known as asphalt coating. Normally it is provided on a concrete surface. Bitumen coating is the best suitable for the concrete foundation.
5. Integral Waterproofing
This method involves adding waterproofing admixtures directly to the concrete mix to make the concrete impermeable to water. This is a cost-effective method that is easy to apply and does not require additional surface coatings.
6. Crystalline Waterproofing
This method involves applying a crystalline material to the surface of the concrete. When the material comes into contact with water, it forms crystals that block the pores of the concrete and prevent water from passing through.
7. Bentonite Waterproofing
This method involves using bentonite clay to create a waterproof barrier. The clay is usually applied as a sheet or in a slurry form.
8. Injection waterproofing
This method involves injecting a liquid or resin into the cracks and joints of the concrete to create a waterproof barrier.
How to Waterproof Concrete: A Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Prepare the Surface
The first step in waterproofing a structure is to prepare the surface. This involves cleaning it thoroughly to remove any loose materials, dust, and oil. Proper surface preparation is essential for ensuring the effectiveness of the waterproofing coating.
Step 2: Apply the Primary Coat
Once the surface is clean and dry, apply a primary coat to prime the surface of the structure. You can use either solvent-based or water-based primers for bitumen membranes.
Step 3: Unroll the Membrane Sheets
Next, unroll the membrane sheets onto the surface of the structure. Check for correct alignment and make any necessary adjustments to ensure a smooth and even surface.
Step 4: Heat the Membranes
Using a torch, heat the membrane to burn off the film on the underside of the sheet. This prepares the membrane for bonding with the underlying concrete surface.
Step 5: Press the Membrane
Press the membrane firmly onto the surface of the concrete to ensure proper bonding. Pay special attention to overlaps, edges, and angles to ensure complete coverage.
Advantages Of Concrete Waterproofing
1. Protection against water damage:
Concrete waterproofing helps prevent water from seeping into the structure and causing damage such as cracking, deterioration, or mold growth.
2. Increases durability:
Waterproofing the concrete surface increases its lifespan by preventing moisture intrusion and protecting it from weather and environmental elements.
3. Cost-effective:
Investing in concrete waterproofing is a cost-effective solution compared to the potential costs of water damage and repair.
4. Improves structural integrity:
Waterproofing the concrete structure can help maintain its structural integrity and stability over time.
5. Reduces maintenance:
Waterproofed concrete surfaces require less maintenance and repair, saving time and money in the long run.
6. Prevents health hazards:
Waterproofing can prevent the growth of mold and mildew, which can cause health problems.
7. Increases property value:
A waterproofed concrete structure adds value to a property as it ensures long-term protection against water damage.
8. Energy-efficient:
Waterproofing can help reduce energy consumption by preventing water infiltration and subsequent heat loss.
9. Versatility:
Concrete waterproofing can be applied to various surfaces such as floors, walls, roofs, and basements.
10. Aesthetically pleasing:
Waterproofing can also enhance the appearance of a structure by providing a smooth and even surface that can be painted or finished.
Disadvantages Of Concrete Waterproofing
1. Initial cost:
The cost of waterproofing can be relatively high, especially for larger structures.
2. Time-consuming:
Waterproofing requires careful preparation, application, and curing time, which can be time-consuming.
3. Limited effectiveness:
Waterproofing products can have limited effectiveness in extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rainfall or flooding.
4. Maintenance:
Regular maintenance and inspection are required to ensure that the waterproofing remains intact.
5. Health risks:
The application of waterproofing materials can produce harmful fumes or chemicals that can be hazardous to health if not handled correctly.
Conclusion
Concrete waterproofing is a critical process in construction that prevents water damage and structural problems. Engineers and construction professionals use several types of concrete waterproofing techniques, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Some of the most commonly used techniques in concrete waterproofing include integral waterproofing, surface waterproofing, crystalline waterproofing, and injection waterproofing.