Mechanical properties give us an idea to measure how materials behave under a load. The mechanical properties of materials are mentioned below.
Here we have listed various mechanical properties:
Table of Contents
Elastic Material:
A material that regains its original size and shape after the removal of stress is known as elastic stress.
Plastic Material:
A material that can undergo permanent deformation without rupture is said to be a plastic material. This characteristic of the material is known as plasticity. Plasticity is important when a material is to be mechanically formed by causing the material to flow.
Ductile Material:
A material that undergoes considerable deformation without rupture is known as ductile material. The major portion of deformation is plastic.
Brittle Material:
A material that ruptures with little or no plastic deformation is known as a brittle material.
Set of Permanent set:
The deformation or strain remaining in a body after the removal of stress is known as a permanent set. This is because of the elastic property of the material.
Elastic limit:
The greatest stress that a material can take without a permanent set on the removal of stress is called the elastic limit.
Proportionality limit:
The greatest stress that a material can take without deviation from a straight line between stress and strain is called the proportionality limit.
Endurance limit or Fatigue limit:
The greatest stress, applied the infinite number of times, that a material can take without causing failure is called endurance limit or fatigue limit.
Ultimate Strength:
The maximum stress material can take is known as ultimate strength. Ultimate strength is equal to maximum load divided by the original area of cross-section.
Modulus of Resilience:
The energy stored per unit volume at the elastic limit is called the modulus of resilience.
Modulus of Toughness:
The amount of work required per unit volume to cause failure, under static loading, is known as the modulus of toughness.
Modulus of Rupture:
The ultimate strength in flexure or torsion is called the modulus of rupture.
Strain hardening:
The increase in strength after the plastic zone is because of the rearrangement of molecules in the material.
Proof stress:
The stress is just sufficient to cause a permanent set(elongation) equal to a specified percentage of the original gauge length.
Elastic Strain:
Elastic strain is a dimensional change that occurs in a material due to the application of loads and disappears completely on the removal of the loads.
Plastic Strain:
It is a dimensional change that occurs in a material due to the application of the loads and does not disappear after the removal of the loads.
Ductility and malleability:
The plastic response of the material to a tensile force is known as ductility and plastic response to compression force is known as malleability. The elongation and reduction of area of test piece tested to failure in tension are generally taken as measures of ductility of the material.
Creep:
The long-term deflection because of consistent loads is known as creep.