A brake is a mechanical device that restrains movement by absorbing energy from a moving system. Used to slow or stop moving vehicles, wheels and axles, or to prevent movement. Most often it is achieved by friction.
In this article we will learn about various types of brakes used in vehicles.
Table of Contents
Types of Brakes Based on Purpose
1. Main Brake:
This brake is used to stop or slow down the vehicle when it is in running condition. This is the main braking system on both the rear and front wheels of the vehicle.
2. Secondary Brake:
The secondary brake, also known as the parking brake or emergency brake, is used to keep the vehicle stationary. It is usually manually actuated and is also called a handbrake. The main function of this brake is to keep the vehicle stationary when parked.
Types of Brakes Based on Construction
1. Drum Brake:
This type of brake has a drum mounted on the axle hub and a back plate mounted on the axle housing. The back plate is made of pressed steel. Supports expanders, anchors and brake shoes. It also protects the drum and shoe assembly from dirt and dust. It is also called a torque plate because it absorbs the entire torque reaction of the shoe. Two brake shoes are mounted on a backing plate with friction linings. One or two return springs are used to separate the brake shoes from the drum when the brakes are not applied. The brake shoes are fixed at one end and force is applied at the other end by a brake actuating mechanism that forces the brake shoes against the rotating drum, thus creating a frictional force between the drum and the shoe, which causes the brake to works. Apply.
In addition, an adjuster is provided to compensate for friction lining wear during use. These brakes are widely used in motorcycles and automobiles.
2. Disc Brake
Disc brakes consist of a cast iron disc bolted to the wheel hub and a fixed housing (caliper). The caliper is connected to the stationary part of the vehicle and is cast in two parts, each containing a piston. Between each piston and disc there is a friction lining, fixed by a fixing pin, spring plate, etc. The calipers have provisions to allow fluid to enter and exit each housing. There are also other connected ventilation passages. Each cylinder contains a rubber sealing ring between the cylinder and the piston.
When the brakes are applied, hydraulically actuated pistons move the friction pads into contact with the discs, exerting equal and opposite forces on the latter. When the brake is released, a rubber seal ring acts as a return spring, pulling the piston and friction pads away from the disc.
Types of Brakes Based on Actuation
1. Mechanical Brake:
This brake applies mechanical braking force where less force is required for braking. These brakes are used for small vehicles such as scooters, bicycles, etc. where a small braking force is required.
2. Hydraulic Brake:
With hydraulic brakes, the braking force is applied by hydraulic fluid. This is one of the most useful and reliable braking systems. This brake is used in most passenger cars.
3. Electric Brake:
This braking system uses the magnetic effect of electricity to apply braking force. The brake piston and brake disc are electrically connected. When you want to brake, it initiates an electricity that creates a magnetic effect between the brake pads and discs. Then the brake works.
4. Air Brake
Air brakes use air pressure to generate braking force. This braking system is used in heavy-duty vehicles such as Trucks, buses, etc.