Built Environment

The term “built environment” refers to aspects of the man-made environment that differ from the natural environment. This includes not only buildings, but also artificial spaces between buildings such as parks and infrastructure that support human activities such as transportation networks, utilities, flood protection, and communications. The built environment is also called the created environment. … Read more

Longitudinal Skin ReinforcementĀ 

Longitudinal skin reinforcement is deformed rebar, wire, or bonded prestressed reinforcing bars evenly placed on either side of the vertical surface of the tensile region in a relatively deep beam to control the width of the crack. If the deep beam is not provided with such reinforcement, the crack width in the web will be … Read more

Planned Preventive Maintenance of Buildings

Planned preventive maintenance of buildings is a type of predictive or predictive maintenance that is a systematic approach to keep a building running or extending its life of a building before disturbance or failure occurs. Preventive actions can be planned or unscheduled. However, when it comes to building maintenance, planned preventive maintenance is the most … Read more

Rapid Hardening Cement

Rapid hardening cement is a special type of cement that achieves high strength in a shorter time. In general, the strength achieved by ordinary cement in 7 days is equal to the strength achieved in 3 days. This type of cement is also called High-Early Strength Portland Cement. This article describes the manufacturing process, properties, … Read more

Lug Angle

What is Lug Angle The lug angle is a small fraction of the angle used to connect the protruding part of the element to the gusset. The lug angle is designed to shorten the length of the gusset connection and reduce the effect of the shear lag. A total of 8 bolts are required to … Read more

Torsion of Circular Shafts

In this article, I will describe the torsion of solid circular shafts and hollow circular shafts. If equal and opposite couples are applied at the ends of a circular shaft, they will either equilibrate or rotate at the same speed. In either case, the stress that causes torsion and occurs in each section is the … Read more