A gyroscope is a device used to measure or maintain direction and angular rate. This is a spinning wheel or disc whose axis of rotation is free to orient itself. When rotating, according to angular momentum conservation, the orientation of this axis is unaffected by tilting or rotating the mount. What is Gyroscopic Effect? When … Read more
Introduction of Draft Tube The draft tube is a connecting tube that gradually increases in area from the impeller outlet to the rear barrel. Draft tubes are one of the most important parts of water turbines used to convert water into energy. For better visualization I have shown the image of draft tube. Draft tube … Read more
Introduction Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is a type of wet H2S cracking and is typically produced by high concentrations of hydrogen in metals. This mechanism involves the diffusion of atomic hydrogen into the metallic structure. Cracks caused by HIC are formed parallel to the plane and in the hoop stress direction. Hydrogen cracking is more … Read more
Brief Introduction of Stress Corrosion Cracking Stress corrosion cracking or SCC is a slow failure mechanism of engineering materials in corrosive environments. Many ductile metals and alloys, when exposed to a corrosive environment, begin with crack initiation, propagation, and growth of that crack, and fail year after year due to stress corrosion cracking. Stress corrosion … Read more
What is Blowdown Valve? Blowdown valve in process engineering plants are a special type of pipeline valve with a wide range of applications. The main purpose of a blowdown valve in a plumbing or piping system is to initiate bleed when the valve is actuated. Drainage valves depressurize systems or equipment for maintenance or emergencies, … Read more
Hot bolting is a critical maintenance procedure widely employed in various industrial sectors, including oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and power plants. This technique involves the replacement of bolts within a flange connection while the pipeline or equipment remains operational, thus allowing continuous service without significant downtime. The focus of this article centers specifically on the … Read more
What is Cryogenic Piping? Cryogenic piping refers to piping networks that operate below -290°C. This temperature represents the embrittlement limit of carbon steel materials, but various references consider piping systems operating below -1500°C (-3000F) to be suitable cryogenic piping systems. Industrial processing and transportation of propane, butane (LPG), methane (LNG), ethylene, nitrogen, ammonia, and oxygen … Read more
Introduction A throttle valve is a type of valve that can start, stop, and regulate the flow of fluid from one point to another. Generally, there is a large pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the throttle valve. As the throttle valve flow restriction increases, the pressure loss increases. Many control methods … Read more
Introduction of Accelerometer An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that measures the acceleration of movement of pipes, equipment, or structures. It is a very useful tool for vibration engineering and is often used for vibration measurements in industrial equipment. The force of vibration produces an electrical signal that is detected by an accelerometer sensor. Accelerometers … Read more
White rust is a localized corrosive attack on the zinc surface, appearing as a chalky substance as deposits. This is rapid corrosion and usually occurs when zinc is exposed to oxygen and hydrogen. White rust is also called storage white stain. White rust is often found on new galvanized steel products. These deposits degrade the … Read more